Đề cương Ôn tập Giữa Học kì I Môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 12 Chuyên Năm học 2021-2022

Nội dung tài liệu: Đề cương Ôn tập Giữa Học kì I Môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 12 Chuyên Năm học 2021-2022

1. A. bring him up B. carry him on C. catch him up D. fill him in B. READING (3 pts) III. Read the text below and decide which answer A, B, C, or D best fits each space. According to the United Nations’ population figures, the world's population will be heading for 39 billion by the year 2050, compared to 6.7 billion in 2009. This figure (11) .. into account that each woman on the planet will give birth to two children. Eight billion, nine hundred million people may sound (12) an astronomical figure, yet statistics reveal that, throughout the world, the number of children being born is dropping. In Africa, the birth rate has decreased from 6.6 to 5.1, in Asia from 5.1 to 2.6, in Latin America from 5.0 to 2.7 and with (13) to the European countries, the birth rate is below the replacement level. This means fewer people being born for every elderly person. For instance, by 2050, Spain risks being the oldest country in the world. The explanation (14) .for this is the fact that women have become better educated and would rather (15) a career than enjoy motherhood. Therefore, they (16) ..bringing up many children and being out of work for long periods of time. All the same, the world's population will continue to increase (17) the ageing population. This will happen because of an overall rise in life expectancy, especially in the developed countries. The main reason for this is that many diseases which were fatal in the past, can be cured nowadays. 11. A brings B. has C. takes D. gives 12. A. as B. alike C. likewise D. like 13. A. connection B. view C. relation D. respect 14. A. given B. made C. supported D. told 15. A. chase B. create C. pursue D. advance 16. A. prevent B. omit C. avoid D. prohibit 17. A. whereas B. although C. even though D. in spite of IV. Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer. WATER AND LIFE ON MARS 1. The presence or absence of water has a direct bearing on the possibility of life on other planets. In the nineteenth century, it was commonly accepted that life, perhaps even intelligent life, was widespread in the solar system, and Mars was an obvious target in the search for life. New photographic technology offered a way for astronomers to learn more about the red planet. In 1888, Italian astronomer Giovanni Schiaparelli produced images that showed a network of long, thin, dark lines crossing the surface of Mars. He called these features “canali” in Italian, which became “canals” or “channels” in English. The strange appearance of the canals suggested to some scientists that they had been formed artificially rather than naturally. The mystery deepened when Schiaparelli observed that many of the canals in the photographs were actually double. 2. Other photographic images of Mars revealed its seasonally changing polar ice caps and features that appeared to be ancient islands located in what was now a dry streambed. When the islands were first discovered, some scientists speculated that a thick water-laden atmosphere capable of generating heavy rains had once existed on Mars. However, others remained unconvinced of the presence of water. Then, in 1963, a team of astronomers obtained a good photographic plate of the near-infrared spectrum of Mars. The photograph showed that, faintly but definitely, water vapor lines could be seen. This photograph established that there really was water on Mars, though the amount was very small. Today, the presence of water vapor in the Martian atmosphere is generally accepted, as is the belief that the atmosphere was once much denser than it is now, with a much greater abundance of water vapor.
2. 3. The surface of Mars is dry today, but it does contain significant amounts of ice and signs that liquid water once flowed over the planet. All of the locations where evidence of water has been found are ancient, probably formed very early in Martian history. Data transmitted from spacecraft on Mars in 2004 have revealed that water was once common across a vast region of the planet, possibly as shallow lakes or seas that dried out and then filled up again. There are signs that the wind blew debris around during dry stages. These seas and lakes extended across hundreds of thousands of square miles, creating habitable conditions during long stretches of time billions of years ago. 4. Evidence of water includes the presence of various minerals known as evaporates, deposits left behind when liquid water turns to vapor. Small areas of mineral deposits have been found in Valles Marineris, a huge hole on Mars that is larger than the Grand Canyon on Earth. The minerals there contain water, so they had to be formed in the presence of water. Geologic research has also turned up clay and gypsum deposits that were formed by water in the soil. Rocks that clearly formed in water extend throughout 300 meters of layered materials in several locations across the Martian plains. The layers were built up over time, which means water was present, at least temporarily, for extended periods on ancient Mars. 5. Besides the ice packs at Mars’s poles, astronomers have discovered a frozen sea near its equator. This frozen sea is the size of the North Sea on Earth and appears similar to the ice packs on Antarctica. Scientists have also detected evidence of lava flows 20 million years ago as well as signs that some volcanoes may still be active. Several recently formed volcanic cones near Mars’s North Pole indicate that the planet’s core may interact with the surface, meaning there was both warmth and moisture in the recent past—circumstances that might have supported life. 6. Liquid water is the key “ingredient” for life as we know it. Of all the other planets in the solar system, Mars is most like Earth. The fact that water existed on ancient Mars does not necessarily mean life ever emerged there; however, all of the available evidence does suggest that Mars meets all the requirements that are needed for life to exist. 18. According to the passage, what has been a major focus of research about Mars? A. How Mars compares to other planets in the solar system B. Who built the network of canals on the surface of Mars C. Whether signs of water indicate that life has existed on Mars D. How soon astronauts from Earth will be able to go to Mars 19. Astronomers of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries studied Mars mainly through .. A. ancient writings B. photographic images C. Martian soil samples D. data sent by spacecraft 20. It can be inferred from paragraph 1 that Schiaparelli’s observation of canals on Mars led to . A. direct proof that life has existed on Mars B. the rejection of Schiaparelli’s ideas by other scientists C. the search for canals on other planets in the solar system D. new questions about intelligent life on Mars 21. The phrase “filled up” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to . A. got smaller B. were frozen C. became wet D. turned to rock 22. Why does the author compare Mars to Earth in paragraph 6? A. To emphasize that there is more water on Rarth than on Mars B. To point out that Mars has the conditions for life to exist C. To state that there are no differences between Mars and Earth D. To explain why life emerged on Earth but not on Mars 23. The word “habitable” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ..
3. A. dangerous B. suitable for life C. mysterious D. capable of changing 24. The word “ingredient” in paragraph 6 is closest in meaning to . A. factor B. definition C. image D. result 25. Layers of rock in several places on the Martian plains are evidence that . A. Mars was formed at the same time as Earth B. both wind and water erosion occurred there C. water was present there for a long time D. liquid water is no longer present on Mars C. WRITING V. Complete the sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first, using the word given. 26. I started working at eight and I was still working at six in the evening, when you called. (BEEN) (__ When you called . ten hours.) 27. Being in prison seems to have changed Kevin's behaviour for the better. (LEAF) (__ Kevin has .he got out of prison.) 28. At the wedding, she was constantly gossiping about the other guests. (NOTHING) (__At the wedding, she ..about the other guests.) 29. Learning that no one was hurt during the fire was a great relief. (RELIEVED) (__We that no one was hurt during the fire.) 30. Taking photographs inside the museum is strictly prohibited. (NOT) (__You . ..inside the museum.) 31. “ You are not allowed to smoke in your room, Dick,” said his mother. (FORBADE) (__ Dick’s mother .in his room.) TEST 2 I. Pick out the word whose main stressed syllable is placed differently from the others. 1. A. survival B. vulnerable C. ecology D. authority 2. A. biodiversity B. evolutionary C. ecologically D. biologically II. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others of the group. 3. A. endangered B. evolution C. extinct D. extinguish 4. A. enclosure B. conservation C. species D. nest III. Read the following passage and decide which answer A, B, C, or D best fits each gap. Polar bears Polar bears are in danger of dying out. (5) ______ some other endangered animals, it's not hunters that are the problem, it's climate change. Since 1979, the ice cap at the Arctic Circle where the polar bears live has (6) ______ in size by about 30 per cent. The temperature in the Arctic has slowly been rising and this is causing the sea ice to melt, endangering the polar bears' home. The polar bears' main sources of food are the different types of seal found in the Arctic. They catch them by waiting next to the air holes the seals have (7) ______ in the ice. (8) ______ the bears are very strong swimmers, they could never catch seals in the water. This means that the bears (9) ______ do rely on the ice to hunt. 5. A. Opposite B. Compared C. Unlike D. Different 6. A. cut B. reduced C. shortened D. lost
4. 7. A. placed B. set C. brought D. made 8. A. Even B. Although C. As D. Despite 9. A. really B. properly C. surely D. fully IV. Choose the option that best completes each sentence. 10. Cheetah’s tail is _______ during fast running, because it balances the animal and allows fast and sudden turns which happen often when the prey tries to escape. A. essential B. basic C. adequate D. sufficient 11. They ________ the new bridge by the end of the year. A. will complete B. will have completed C. have completed D. had been completing 12. The older you are, _________. A. the more you may become worried B. the more worry you may become C. the more worried you may become D. you may become more worried 13. The saola is threatened primarily by hunting, rather than ________. A. habitual loss B. loss of life C. habitation loss D. habitat loss 14. The more you talk about the situation, _________. A. it seems worse B. the worse it seems C. the worse does it seem D. it seems the worse 15. Illegal hunting in Namibia, Zimbabwe, and Botswana, puts African elephants _______ of extinction. A. in the verge B. on brink C. on the verge D. in brink V. Read the text and choose the best answer. Endangered Species No animal species can survive indefinitely on the Earth. Centuries ago, species went extinct from natural causes, for example, they were unable to adapt to bad weather and other difficult conditions. However, animals are now dying out faster than ever because of human activity. It is estimated that, until the 18th century, one species disappeared from the Earth every four years. By the 19th century, this had increased to one species per year. By 1975, it was 1,000 species per year, and today animals are disappearing at the alarming rate of more than 40,000 species per year. There are many factors that can cause an animal or plant species to become endangered, and one big one is the destruction of their habitats. Deforestation and soil, air, and water pollution are usually the main culprits. For example, the population of critically Sumatran orangutans is now less than 10,000 on their home island of Sumatra, Indonesia, due to deforestation and farming. Another cause of endangerment is from humans exploiting wild animals. Uncontrolled hunting of whales in the last century, for example, resulted in many whale species becoming critically endangered. The high demands for animal parts stems from their use in foods or medicines or their values as decorative objects. For example, the ivory tusks of elephants are used to make jewelry, and the price is high enough that people risk being arrested and jailed to go after these animals. Introducing a non-native species to an environment by humans, either intentionally or by accident can also cause species endangerment. In Florida, large pet snakes such as the anaconda and the python have been
5. released into the large Everglades swamp. The snakes have thrived in their new environment, and now compete with and may soon overwhelm the swamp's alligators. Organizations such as the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) and the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) try to raise awareness of threatened animals and plants. These organizations collaborate with government agencies to save threatened or endangered species and to make new laws that will protect them. But to really protect plant and animal species now and in the future, the public needs to be educated on the value of keeping these species alive. 16. According to the passage, what happened between the 18th century and now? A. The amount of human activity increased. B. Animals were less able to adapt to the weather. C. More animals started dying from natural causes. D. The weather conditions became more disadvantageous to animals. 17. Why have many whale species become endangered? A. Their habitat is being destroyed. B. The high demand for decorative objects and jewelry C. They have been hunted in great numbers. D. A non-native species has been introduced to their environment. 18. Which is NOT mentioned as a cause of species endangerment? A. introduction of non-native species B. spread of diseases C. unrestricted hunting D. habitat destruction 19. Which animal is native to the Everglades swamp? A. anacondas B. pythons C. large snakes D. alligators 20. What is the main idea of the final paragraph? A. Governments and organizations must work together to be effective. B. The most important thing is to raise awareness and educate people. C. Laws are needed to protect these endangered species. D. The public should know the value of animal parts in foods, medicines, and decoration VI. Choose the correct form of the words in brackets. 21. Most of these endangered species will only be saved as a result of ________ by government agencies. (INTERVENE) 22. Many ________ products, such as cleaning liquids and bleach, contain harmful chemicals. (HOUSE) 23. Many people prefer to eat food which has not been sprayed with ________. (PEST) VII. Rewrite these sentences, using double comparatives. 24. The saola is likely to die when it is kept in captivity for a long period of time. 25. When chimpanzees are bored, they organize various games to entertain themselves. . 26. Smaller dolphins eat fish and squids, while large dolphins eat bigger prey. . VIII. Write about some measures that should be taken to protect endangered animals.